亚里士多德是亚历山大大帝的老师，柏拉图的学生，大孟子十二岁。研究涉及各个领域：如逻辑学，科学，美学，政治学，伦理学等等，一方面多而不精；另一方面，构建了各类科学体系。#垄断性#国企#近亲繁殖#工作#亚里士多德#生活
中世纪教皇制度统治了西方一千年之久，哲学发展由于宗教的钳制无从发展。而后贸易兴起，十字军东征带来新的文明，对科学的探索重新打开了人们的眼界，哲学也亟待复兴。终于我们开始讲近代前期哲学了。基督教认为神创造了自然，斯宾诺莎认为神即自然，万物皆为神，此为一元论。笛卡尔讲这世界本来就是一场梦，如果不能证明这一点是错的，那么发现多少真理都是徒劳。#笛卡尔#物业#斯宾诺莎#上帝#基督教#近代哲学#流量
他的哲学对后世影响巨大，仅泛神论就影响了歌德、费希特、谢林、黑格尔、爱因斯坦等。他的哲学思想也是马克思主义哲学的理论源泉。为纪念斯宾诺莎，海牙人用他的名字来命名他居住过的街道，荷兰政府则把他的肖像印在了1000元面值的荷兰盾上。#哲学#斯宾诺莎#人格#上帝#流量#
莱布尼茨在政治学、法学、伦理学、神学、哲学、历史学、语言学等诸多方向都留下了著作。纵观莱布尼茨的一生，无论是世俗生活，感情生活还是宗教生活，他都是一个行进在路上的旅客。没有爱人，没有家庭，嘴上论证着上帝的存在，事实上又是一个什么都不信的人。
他有一句名言：你怎么知道明天的太阳会照样升起？文学史，“说不尽的莎士比亚”，思想史上，休谟也是不可不谈的。休谟被公认为英国有史以来最伟大的哲学家。其实休谟的影响力毫不逊色。只是被低估了，在世时休谟是作为成功的历史学家和随笔作家为人推崇，他在后世的影响力则主要来自哲学方面，堪称与柏拉图、亚里士多德、康德、尼采等比肩的哲学巨人，被罗素称为“哲学家当中最重要的一个人物”。#休谟#哲学#历史学#决定论#因果关系#教育
康德把世界分成了两个部分。一个部分完全不可知另一个部分则可以用理性把握。不可知的那部分因为永远不可知，所以对我们的生活没有什么影响。只要我们在可把握的世界里生活，理性就又恢复威力了。他的生活极为规律，以致于邻居看到他出门散步，就知道某个钟点到了。他的一生中几乎没有离开过家乡，孤独似乎是哲学家的必要条件。成名后不管哪个女孩多么狂热地追求他，康德都不会越雷池一步。对性爱他说：女人只是摆动身体，做些无聊的动作，没意思。#康德#处男#哲学#孤独#长寿
人类从历史学到的唯一的教训，就是人类没有从历史中吸取任何教训。话说中国是一个文明古国，拥有着超过五千年的悠久历史。但黑格尔却表示，中国历史的本质就是没有历史。黑格尔为何如此说?#黑格尔#哲学#历史#欧洲#中国
生命是一团欲望.欲望不满足便痛苦，满足便无聊，人生就在痛苦和无聊之间摇摆。叔本华的一生却要么庸俗，要么孤独。他情路坎坷，终身未婚，晚年只有一条卷毛狗陪伴。#叔本华#哲学#欲望#渣男#厌女#女性#流量
1900年，发疯后11年的尼采永远地闭上了双眼。死后，这个幽灵游荡在欧洲的上空，他给西方文化带来了一场前所未有的震动。#尼采#超人#精神病#哲学
在我们这个时代，哲学对那些研究哲学的人来说，也许最重要的是教会他们如何在没有确定性的情况下生活，同时又不因犹豫而浑浑噩噩#哲学#罗素#诺贝尔文学奖
生于美国波士顿。美国思想家、文学家、诗人。爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代表人物，是新英格兰超验主义最杰出的代言人。美国总统林肯称他为“美国的孔子”、“美国文明之父”。代表作品《论自然》，《美国学者》。其中《论自然》被认为是新英格兰超验主义的圣经，而《美国学者》被誉为“美国思想文化领域的独立宣言”。他的哲学思想吸收了欧洲唯心主义先验论，发展成为超验主义。#美国#爱默生#哲学#文明
维特根斯坦： 被刀郎写进歌里?维特根斯坦是一个超级富二代，他的家族是欧洲最显赫的豪门之一，家族产业遍及钢铁、铁路、轮胎、金融和建筑业，曾被誉为“欧洲第六帝国”，用“富可敌国”来形容一点也不过分。#刀郎#罗刹海市#维特根斯坦#哲学
米歇尔·福柯是一位20世纪的法国哲学家和历史学家，他的学术生涯中一直致力于研究现代资本主义国家权力机关，包括警察系统、法庭、监狱、医生和精神病学专家。他的目标是了解权力如何运作，然后用马克思无政府主义改造出乌托邦社会。#哲学#乌托邦#福柯#历史
这也是苏格拉底式的质疑提到苏格拉底，为什么他宁愿选择死亡也要怀疑呢？为什么我们不愿意享受现成的快乐，而要亲自学习哲学？因为我们是人类，不是动物。人类的区别在于我们思考。
奥古斯丁：解释了一个人们质疑基督教的关键问题：上帝既然知道亚当和夏娃会偷吃禁果，为什么一开始不去阻止他们？奥古斯丁的解释是，关键在于自由。上帝给了亚当和人类自由意志，所以也必须让人类拥有作恶的可能。
哲学虽然既讨厌又无用，但正是因为它的讨人厌和无用，才引发了人们的思考和辩论。雅典人民在物尽其用的节省精神下给哲学找到了一个用处——长面子。而柏拉图则试图通过理想国的概念回应人们的批评，将哲学与实践相结合。哲学是一个永远充满争议和思辨的领域，它激发人们的思维，让我们不断追寻真理。无论哲学是让人讨厌还是无用，它都以其独特的魅力在历史中闪耀。#柏拉图#哲学#理想国#实用#奢侈品
保罗的传教之路充满了艰辛与挑战，他不仅面对了社会的偏见和迫害，还要应对宗教与哲学的交锋。但他的坚持和勇气让他成为基督教发展史上的伟大人物。无论我们对宗教和哲学持何种态度，我们都可以从保罗身上学到一个重要的生活态度：不断追求真理，勇敢面对挑战，坚持自己的信仰，这样才能在这个复杂多变的世界中找到自己的位置。#文化#宗教#哲学#独立思考
达尔文之基因航行#达尔文#哲学#进化论#物种起源”。恩格斯将“进化论”列为19世纪自然科学的三大发现之一（其他两个是细胞学说、能量守恒和转化定律）。1882年4月19日，达尔文因病逝世，以科学先驱的身份被隆重地葬在西敏寺，人们把他的遗体安葬在牛顿的墓旁，以表达对这位科学家的敬仰。
佛洛伊德之演唱会背后的经济心理#TFBOYS#哲学#心理学#生活#流量#视频号小助手#热门#演唱会
Aristotle was a teacher of Alexander the Great, a pupil of Plato, and Mencius was twelve years old. The research involves various fields: such as logic, science, aesthetics, politics, ethics, etc., on the one hand, many but not fine; On the other hand, various scientific systems have been established. # monopolies # state-owned enterprises # inbreeding # work # Aristotle # life
The papacy of the Middle Ages ruled the West for a thousand years, and the development of philosophy could not develop due to the stranglehold of religion. Then trade arose, the Crusades brought new civilizations, the search for science reopened people's eyes, and philosophy needed to be revived. So we're finally starting to talk about early modern philosophy. Christianity believes that God created nature, Spinoza believes that God is nature, all things are God, this is monism. Descartes said that the world is a dream, and if you can't prove this wrong, then the discovery of much truth is in vain. # Descartes # Property # Spinoza # God # Christianity # Modern philosophy # Flow
His philosophy has great influence on later generations, pantheism alone has influenced Goethe, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Einstein and so on. His philosophical thought is also the theoretical source of Marxist philosophy. In honor of Spinoza, the people of The Hague named the street where he lived after him, and the Dutch government printed his portrait on the $1,000 guilder. # Philosophy # Spinoza # Personality # God # Flow #
Leibniz wrote in politics, law, ethics, theology, philosophy, history, linguistics and many other fields. Throughout Leibniz's life, whether secular life, emotional life or religious life, he was a traveler on the road. No lover, no family, talking about the existence of God, but in fact a man who believes in nothing.
He famously said, "How do you know the sun will rise tomorrow?" In the history of literature, "the inexpressible Shakespeare", in the history of thought, Hume is also indispensable. Hume is widely regarded as the greatest philosopher that England has ever known. In fact, Hume was no less influential. In his lifetime, Hume was respected as a successful historian and essayist, but his influence in later life was mainly from philosophy, and he could be called a philosophical giant alongside Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Nietzsche and so on, and was called "the most important figure among philosophers" by Russell. # Hume # Philosophy # history # Determinism # Causality # education
Kant divides the world into two parts. One part is completely unknowable and the other part can be rationally grasped. The unknowable part, because it is never unknowable, has no effect on our lives. As long as we live in a world we can grasp, reason will regain its power. His life was so regular that his neighbours knew it was a certain hour when they saw him out for a walk. He had hardly left his hometown in his life, and solitude seemed a necessity for a philosopher. No matter how fanatically any girl pursues him after he becomes famous, Conde will not cross the line. He said of sex: Women just swing their bodies, do some boring movements, no fun. # Kant # virgin # philosophy # loneliness # long life
The only lesson that mankind has learned from history is that mankind has learned nothing from history. China is an ancient civilization with a long history of more than five thousand years. But Hegel said that the essence of Chinese history is that there is no history. Why does Hegel say this? # Hegel # Philosophy # History # Europe # China
Life is a mass of desire. Desire is not satisfied with pain, satisfaction is boring, life is swinging between pain and boredom. Schopenhauer's life was either vulgar or lonely. His love road was bumpy, never married, and only a poodle accompanied him in his later years. # Schopenhauer # philosophy # desire # cheating on womanizing men # misogyny # women # traffic
In 1900, 11 years after his madness, Nietzsche closed his eyes forever. After his death, the ghost roamed the skies of Europe, and he caused an unprecedented shock to Western culture. # Nietzsche # Superman # Psychosis # philosophy
Perhaps the most important thing in philosophy for those who study it in our time is to teach them how to live without certainty and at the same time not muddle with hesitation # philosophy # Russell # Nobel Prize for Literature
Born in Boston, USA. American thinker, writer, and poet. Emerson is the representative figure who establishes the spirit of American culture and is the most outstanding spokesperson of New England transcendentalism. U.S. President Abraham Lincoln called him "America's Confucius" and "the father of American civilization." Representative works "On Nature", "American Scholar". Among them, "On Nature" is considered to be the Bible of New England transcendentalism, and "The American Scholar" is known as "the Declaration of independence in the field of American thought and culture." His philosophical thought absorbed the European idealistic empiricism and developed into transcendentalism. # America # Emerson # Philosophy # civilization
Wittgenstein: Written into a song by the Sword man? Wittgenstein is a super rich second generation, his family is one of the most prominent families in Europe, the family industry throughout steel, railways, tires, finance and construction, once known as the "Sixth Empire of Europe", with "rich country" to describe it is not too much. # Daolang # Raksha # Wittgenstein # Philosophy
Michel Foucault was a 20th century French philosopher and historian who spent his academic career studying the organs of state power in modern capitalism, including the police, courts, prisons, doctors, and psychiatrists. His goal was to understand how power works, and then to transform utopian societies with Marxist anarchism. # Philosophy # Utopia # Foucault # history
This is also the Socratic question when Socrates says, why would he choose death over doubt? Why would we rather not enjoy ready-made pleasures than learn philosophy ourselves? Because we're humans, not animals. What distinguishes humans is that we think.
Augustine: Explains a key question people have questioned about Christianity: If God knew Adam and Eve would eat the forbidden fruit, why didn't he stop them in the first place? Augustine's explanation is that the key is freedom. God gave Adam and man free will, so he must also give man the possibility to do evil.
Although philosophy is both annoying and useless, it is precisely because it is annoying and useless that it provokes thought and debate. The people of Athens, in the spirit of sparing the best of everything, found a use for philosophy - a good face. Plato, on the other hand, tried to respond to people's criticism through the concept of the Republic, combining philosophy with practice. Philosophy is always a controversial and speculative field, which stimulates people's thinking and keeps us searching for truth. Whether philosophy is annoying or useless, it shines through history with its unique charm. # Plato # Philosophy # Republic # Utility # luxury
Paul's missionary road was full of hardships and challenges, he not only faced social prejudice and persecution, but also dealt with the conflict between religion and philosophy. But his persistence and courage made him one of the great figures in the history of Christianity. Whatever our attitude towards religion and philosophy, we can learn an important life attitude from Paul: to constantly seek the truth, to face challenges bravely, and to stand up for what we believe in, in order to find our place in this complex and changing world. # Culture # Religion # Philosophy # Independent thinking
Darwin's Genetic Voyage # Darwin # Philosophy # Evolution # Origin of Species ". Engels listed "evolution" as one of the three great discoveries of natural science in the 19th century (the others being the cell theory and the law of conservation of energy and transformation). On April 19, 1882, Darwin died of illness and was solemnly buried in Westminster Abbey as a scientific pioneer, and his body was buried next to Newton's grave to express respect for the scientist.
The economic psychology behind Freud's concert #TFBOYS# philosophy # psychology # Life # flow # Video number little assistant # hot # concert